الاسبوع	المـــــفـــــــردة
الاول	1. What is Linguistics?
	1. 1. what is a linguist?
الثاني	1. 2. How does linguistics differ from traditional grammar?
الثالث	1. 3. The scope of linguistics
الرابع	2. What is Language?
	2. 1. Use of sound signals
	2. 2. Arbitrariness
	2. 3. The need for learning
	2. 4. Duality
	2. 5. Displacement
	2. 6. Creativity (productivity)
الخامس	2. 7. Patterning
	2. 8. Structure dependence
	2. 9. Human language versus animal communication
	2. 10. Origin of language
	2. 11. The role of language
السادس	3. The Origins of Language
	3. 1. The divine source
	3. 2. The natural sound source
	3. 3. The social interaction source
السابع	3. 4. The physical adaptation source
	3. 5. The tool-making source
	3. 6. The genetic source
الثامن	4. Animals and Human Language
	4. 1. Properties of human language
	4. 1. 1. Displacement
	4. 1. 2. Arbitrariness
	4. 1. 3.Productivity
	4. 1. 4.Cultural transmission
	4. 1. 4.Duality
التاسع	4. 2. Talking to animals
	4. 3. Chimpanzees and language
	4. 3. 1.Washoe
	4. 3. 2. Sarah and Lana
	4. 3. 3.The controversy
	4. 3. 4.Kanzi
	4. 4. Using language
العاشر	5. The Sounds of Language
	5. 1. Phonetics
	5. 2. Voiced and voiceless sounds
	5. 3. Place of articulation
	5. 3. 1. Bilabials
	5. 3. 2. Labiodentals
	5. 3. 3.Dentals
	5. 3. 4.Alveolars
	5. 3. 5.Palatals
	5. 3. 6.Velars
	5. 3. 7.Glottals
الحادي عشر	5. 4. Manner of articulation
	5. 4. 1.Stops
	5. 4. 2.Fricatives
	5. 4. 3.Affricates
	5. 4. 4.Nasals
	5. 4. 5.Liquids
	5. 4. 6.Glides
	5. 4. 7.Glottal stops and flaps
	5. 5. Vowels
	5. 5. 1.Diphthongs
	5. 5. 2.Subtle individual variation
الثاني عشر	6. The Sound Patterns of Language
	6. 1. Phonology
	6. 2. Phonemes
	6. 3. Phones and allophones
	6. 4. Minimal pairs and sets
الثالث عشر	6. 5. Phonotactics
	6. 6. Syllables
	6. 6. 1.Consonant clusters
	6. 7. Coarticulation effects
	6. 7. 1.Assimilation
	6. 7. 2.Elision
	6. 8.Normal speech
الرابع عشر	7. Word Formation
	7. 1. Coinage
	7. 2. Borrowing
	7. 3. Compounding
	7. 4. Blending
	7. 5. Clipping
	7. 6. Backformation
الخامس عشر	7. 7. Conversion
	7. 8. Acronyms
	7. 9. Derivation
	7. 9. 1.Prefixes and suffixes
	7. 9. 2.Infixes
	7. 9. 2.Kamhmu
	7. 10. Multiple processes
السادس عشر	8. Morphology
	8. 1. Morphology
	8. 2. Morphemes
	8. 2. 1.Free and bound morphemes
	8. 2. 2.Lexical and functional morphemes
	8. 2. 3Derivational and inflectional morphemes
	8. 3. Morphological description
	8. 3. 1. Problems in morphological description
السابع عشر	8. 4. Morphs and allomorphs
	8. 5. Other languages
	8. 5. 1.Kanuri
	8. 5. 2.Ganda
	8. 5. 3.Ilocano
	8. 5. 4.Tagalog
الثامن عشر	9. Grammar
	9. 1. Grammar
	9. 2. Traditional grammar
	9. 2. 1.The parts of speech
	9. 2. 2.Agreement
	9. 2. 3.Grammatical gender
	9. 3. Traditional analysis
	9. 7. The prescriptive approach
	9. 7. 1. Captain Kirk’s infinitive
التاسع عشر	9. 9. The descriptive approach
	9. 9. 1.Structural analysis
	9. 9. 2.Constituent analysis
	9. 9. 3.Labeled and bracketed sentences
	9. 9. 4.A Gaelic sentence
العشرون	10. Syntax
	10. 1. Syntax
	10. 1. 1.Deep and surface structure
	10. 1. 2.Structural ambiguity
	10. 1. 1.Recursion
	10. 2. Tree diagrams
	10. 3. Symbols used in syntactic analysis
	10. 4. Phrase structure rules
الحادي والعشرون	10. 5. Lexical rules
	10. 6. Movement rules
	10. 7. Back to recursion
	10. 7. 1.Complement phrases
الثاني والعشرون	11. Language and Social Variation
	11. 1. Sociolinguistics
	11. 1. 1. Social dialects
	11. 1. 2.Education and occupation
	11. 1. 3.Social markers
	11. 2. Speech style and style-shifting
	11. 2. 1.Prestige
	11. 2. 2.Speech accommodation
الثالث والعشرون	11. 2. 3. Register and jargon
	11. 2. 4. Slang
	11. 3. African American English
	11. 3. 1. Vernacular language
	11. 3. 2. The sounds of a vernacular
	11. 3. 3. The grammar of a vernacular
الرابع والعشرون	Revision, Discussion and Activities
الخامس والعشرون	Revision, Discussion and Activities
السادس والعشرون	Revision, Discussion and Activities
السابع والعشرون	Revision, Discussion and Activities
الثامن العشرون	Revision, Discussion and Activities
التاسع والعشرون	Revision, Discussion and Activities
الثلاثون	Revision, Discussion and Activities