قسم اللغة الانكليزية يقيم حلقة نقاشية بعنوان (تحليل تداولي للدعوات غير الجدية في اللغة العربية العراقية

حلقته النقاشية الموسومة "تحليل تداولي للدعوات غير الجدية في اللغة العربية العراقية

Pragmatics of Ostensible Invitations in Iraqi Society: Function Analysis

1.     Ostensible Speech Acts

Ostensible speech acts are speech acts whose sincerity condition is pretended to be genuine while in addition to other related properties, they are pretending to convey other off-record purposes (Clark and Isaac,1990 : 493).

Ostensible speech acts are utterances that may take a form of genuine speech acts such as invitation, question, request... etc., but they function as off-record for some other unsaid purposes Nodoushan (2006: 10).

2. Defining Properties

*        Pretense: the speaker should use utterances to pretend that s/he produces genuine speech acts. However, the pretense means that pretense is to be pragmatically insincere in order to be recognized by the addressee.

*        Mutual Recognition: the pretended, pragmatically insincere utterance, should not be recognized by the speaker only, but it should be recognized by the addressee as well.

*        Collusion: after the speaker makes it possible for the addressee to recognize the insincere, pretended utterances, s/he expects the addressee to collude with the utterance. Collusion is to react in an appropriate way, meaning to give ostensible utterances.

*        Ambivalence: this is represented by the embarrassing question of "do you really mean it?". The speaker then could not honestly answer "yes" or "no". Answering "yes" means that the speech act turns to be insincere and vice-versa. However, for some tacit purpose, the speaker is neither sincere nor lying.

*        The speaker is rather pragmatically insincere, meaning that either answer is possible. The perlocution is not that of the speech act issued, but of other pragmatic purpose.

*        Off-record Purpose: being ambivalent, the speaker uses ostensible speech acts to make them open to plausible interpretations in a way that the speaker is not accountable for the speech acts issued.

3. Stages of Ostensible Invitations

*        Issuance Stage is when the speaker pretends to issue an invitation by the pretense and pragmatic insincerity, to be mutually recognized.

*        Collusive Stage is that the hearer colludes with the speaker through taking the speaker’s intention and be ambivalent, i.e. the hearer does not ask the speaker about the sincerity of the speech act issued.

*        Recognition Stage is the effect of the speech act which can be achieved in order for the ostensible invitation to be fulfilled.

4. Representative Examples

Situation 2: at the office, you are drinking a cup of tea. Someone whom you are acquainted with enters the office. You do not have other cups than the one you have. You would say:

Inviter: خوش شاي! (Good tea).

Invitee:  فضل منك .. ماكدر(It is nice of you, but I cannot.)

FUNCTION: Compliment

Situation 3: A secretory ’s boss is in the middle of a meeting, and the secretory interrupts the meeting to tell the boss something. After finishing, the boss invites the secretory.

The boss:تفضل استريح ويانة ؟ (Would you  like to join us?)

The secretory: اوكي. شكرا لازم اروح (oh, thanks. I should go(.

FUNCTION: Terminating Conversations