قسم اللغة الانكليزية يقيم حلقة نقاشية بعنوان ( Sarcasm)

1.     Definitions of Sarcasm

Sarcasm
* derived from the Greek word “Sarkasmos” which means to tear the flesh

·       To say something and mean the opposite (OED)

·       Whatever our social or psychological purposes in being sarcastic, from a purely linguistic or grammatical point of view, we are doing two things at once:
1. We are communicating an ostensible message to our listeners
2. But at the same time we are framing this message with a commentary or metamessage that says something like "I don't mean this: in fact, I mean the exact opposite."

Sarcasm is defined as:

•      A verbal irony or behavioral irony which has a frank intention of hurting, mocking or criticizing someone. Rarely can sarcasm be written, otherwise intonation and facial expressions are keyfeatures.

2. Why people use sarcasm?

•      To be funny

•      To insult/mock people

•      To make an ironic comment about the world around them

3. How can we tell whether someone is using sarcasm?

•      People exaggerate their voice in a bored sounding manner

•      They roll their eyes (and/or head)

•      They smile afterwards

Other tips about sarcasm…

•      Differs with the person

-         Know your person!!!

•       Be aware of context

4. Pretense Theory

•      The pretense theory is the most influential one in sarcasm as it can cover all types of sarcasm.

•      Sarcasm involves an act of pretense (cf. Grice 1975; Clark & Gerrig 1984): the sarcast pretends to an attitude which he or she does not feel and expects a privileged audience to recognize that he or she is indeed pretending.

•      SO, COMMON GROUND RENDERS IT AS SARCASTIC. (No common ground= Prgmatic Failure)

 5. Sarcasm Versus Irony

•      First, situations may be ironic, but only people can be sarcastic.

•      Second, people may be unintentionally ironic, but sarcasm requires intention. What is essential to sarcasm is that it is overt irony intentionally used by the speaker as a form of verbal aggression.

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